Understanding Lung Cancer: Definition, Types, Causes, and Symptoms
The leading cause of death from cancer globally, lung cancer, is the uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells in the lungs can lead to the formation of tumors that affect the lungs' normal functioning. The breathing process and exchange of oxygen are disrupted by these tumors. The cancer usually spreads quickly in high-risk individuals.
Our purpose is to make you aware of and indulge in the extensive study of lung cancer. At Hope and Heal Cancer Hospital, you will be able to learn about the different types of lung cancer from the leading lung cancer specialist in Siliguri and what role smoking plays in its development. You will also be aware of the early symptoms so you can attempt timely intervention.
What is Lung Cancer?
Initiating from the lungs, the leading causes of lung cancer typically form in the airways (bronchi or bronchioles) or the tiny air sacs (alveoli). The formation of the tumors can be led by the uncontrollable growth of cancer cells, which can block airways or disturb the normal functions of the lungs, which include oxygen exchange. Upon reaching its metastasized stage, which means cancer has spread to different parts of the body, it can affect the liver, brain, and bones.
Lung cancer is categorized into two primary types based on cell structure and behavior:
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)
The most common form, accounting for around 85% of lung cancer cases. The various subtypes, such as adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma, are included in this.
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
This type is less common but more aggressive. Urgent treatment is required in this particular type as it spreads throughout the body rapidly.
What Causes Lung Cancer?
Due to the mutations in the DNA of the lung cells, cancer in the lungs typically develops over time. Though the exact cause can vary, the key factors remain unchanged, which can significantly increase the risk:
Smoking Tobacco
The leading cause of lung cancer is smoking. Among the harmful chemicals that are released through cigarette smoke are carcinogens, which can damage lung tissue. The cancerous tumors form from these mutated cells. The risk heightens with every cigarette. The possibility of developing lung cancer significantly increases with even a few cigarettes a day, since smoking and lung cancer go hand in hand.
How Smoking Causes Lung Cancer
Damaging cells in the lungs can be seen with cigarette smoking, as it contains more than 7,000 chemicals. The overexposure of carcinogens causes genetic changes in the cells that line the lungs. These changes eventually lead to the uncontrollable growth of cells, which results in cancer.
Secondhand Smoke (Passive Smoking)
Frequent exposure of non-smokers to secondhand smoke can also increase the risk of lung cancer. Similar damage can be expected as direct smoking for passive smokers by inhaling smoke from others' pipes, cigars, or cigarettes.
air-pollution
There can be an increased risk of cancer from regular exposure to outdoor air pollution, such as industrial fumes, vehicle emissions, and particulate matter. A major cause is indoor air pollution, caused mostly because of poor ventilation in kitchens.
Exposure to Radon Gas
A naturally occurring radioactive gas is Radon, which can be found in rock, soil, and water. Found mainly in the basements, this can accumulate in the buildings. Prolonged radon exposure can also cause lung cancer.
Occupational Hazards
Working environments that can expose you to carcinogens, such as arsenic, asbestos, or diesel exhaust, can increase the risk of lung cancer. Smokers, too, are exposed to substances and are at even greater risk.
Genetic Predisposition
Lung cancer can also occur in non-smokers, particularly those with a family history of the disease. Inherited genetic mutations may increase a person's susceptibility to developing lung cancer, even without exposure to tobacco smoke.
Read our Guide on How quitting smoking can lower your risk.
Symptoms of Lung Cancer
Lung cancer often goes unnoticed in its early stages. As the disease advances, symptoms tend to become more apparent. Some of the most commonly reported signs include:
- Persistent cough that worsens over time
- Coughing up blood or rust-colored sputum
- Chest pain that worsens with deep breathing
- Shortness of breath or wheezing
- Hoarseness or voice changes
- Loss of appetite and unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue or weakness
- Frequent respiratory infections like bronchitis or pneumonia
- Swelling in the face or neck
Experiencing any of these symptoms, especially for high-risk individuals, requires immediate medical attention.
Final Thoughts
Lung cancer treatment and the possible treatment outcomes can be rapidly improved by proper awareness and a thorough understanding of the disease. Here, early diagnosis is a must for any sort of treatment initiation. The primary cause is smoking, and quitting smoking at any age can significantly reduce the chances of lung cancer. You must consult with a doctor for early diagnosis if you are a heavy smoker or if you are regularly exposed to harmful chemicals.
We are dedicated to serving better and providing the best information and treatment that the patients deserve. As the lung cancer specialist in Kolkata , Hope and Heal Cancer Hospital, the early signs of lung cancer are easy to detect, along with the required support for every individual.
Frequently Asked Questions
Q. Can smoking cause lung cancer even if I don't feel sick?
Yes, smoking damages lung tissue over time and increases your risk of lung cancer, even if you don't have symptoms. The damage often occurs without noticeable signs until the disease progresses.
Q. Is lung cancer preventable?
The risk of cancer can be reduced by improving habits such as reducing exposure to harmful chemicals, quitting smoking, avoiding passive smoking, and testing for radon.
Q. How does Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) differ from Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)?
NSCLC is more common and grows slowly, often treated with surgery, radiation, or targeted therapy. SCLC is less common, more aggressive, and spreads quickly, typically requiring chemotherapy and radiation.
Q. Can lung cancer occur in non-smokers?
Yes, although smoking is the leading cause, non-smokers can develop lung cancer due to factors like genetics, exposure to radon, secondhand smoke, or environmental pollutants.
Q. What is 90% of cancer caused by?
Around 90% of cancers are caused by environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and genetic mutations. The most significant contributors include smoking, diet, physical inactivity, exposure to carcinogens (like asbestos or radon), and alcohol consumption. Genes and family history also contribute to cancer development.
Q. Can stress cause cancer?
While stress itself does not directly cause cancer, chronic stress may influence cancer development indirectly. Stress can weaken the immune system, promote inflammation, and encourage behaviors that increase cancer risk, such as smoking, overeating, or excessive drinking. Stress is to be managed well for overall well-being.
Q. What are the early warning signs of lung cancer?
Early signs of lung cancer can include a lingering cough that doesn’t go away, discomfort or pain in the chest, difficulty breathing, a hoarse voice, and coughing up blood. These symptoms should be evaluated by a healthcare professional, especially if they persist.
Q. Is lung cancer curable?
Lung cancer is potentially curable if detected early, especially in the localized stage. Treatment outcomes depend on the cancer type, stage, and overall health.
Q. What are the risk factors for lung cancer besides smoking?
Constant exposure to radon gas, asbestos, diesel exhaust, certain genetic mutations, and a history of lung cancer in the family can be the major risk factors of lung cancer, apart from smoking.
Q. Can diet affect lung cancer risk or progression?
A balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants supports overall health, but there's no specific diet proven to prevent or treat lung cancer alone.
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